Filtration
(i)What is it used for:
This is used to separate a liquid form a solid
(ii)What happens:
The solid is trapped by the filter paper and is called a residue. The liquid goes through the filter paper and is called filtrate.
(iii)How it works:
The filter paper has holes in it called pores. The particles of liquid are small enough to go through the pores, but the bits of solid are too large to go through.
(iv)Experiment: Separation of water and sand
Fold a piece of filter paper and place it in a filter funnel. Next, pour the mixture of sand and water into the filter funnel and have a beaker at the other end to collect the filtrate.
Result: Water is collected in the beaker as filtrate, while sand is trapped in the filter paper as residue.
(v)Notes:
-The dyes in ink go through filter paper because the dye molecules are smaller the pores of in the filter paper and thus go straight through them.
-Salt in sea water cannot be separated from the water by filtration as the sodium and chloride ions are much smaller than the pores in the filter paper.
(vi)Apparatus needed:
Filter funnel, filter paper, beaker
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